An African-American synagogue in Philly: ‘We don’t want people to come to shul and go to sleep

PHILADELPHIA â€" Mikaela Pleasant, clad in a white sequin dress and a purple tallit, poked her head around the large blue Torah she carried as she walked carefully up the aisles of Congregation Temple Beth’El. Rabbis and young children trailed behind her, greeting every member in attendance as if they were old friends reunited. The band struck up a quick and jubilant beat.

The cry was met with clapping as the drums slowed and the sound of the final metal cymbal reverberated in the air. Finally, everyone took their seats, and Torah readings began for Mikaela’s bat mitzvah.

“It’s innate within us to praise the Almighty with vigor, with joy, and that’s sometimes quite unique,” said Rabbi Debra Bowen of the predominantly African American synagogue in West Oak Lane, the largest of its kind in the Philadelphia area. “Many of the songs I have comprised myself to make it more apropos to us because of the way we enjoy music. We don’t want people to come to shul and go to sleep.”

Bowen said visitors will often confuse their music with gospel, which is associated more with Christianity, but Beth’El’s charismatic music is emblematic of their being both black and Jewish: Their band includes an electronic keyboard, electric violin, piano, drum set, bongos, a bass guitar, and an organ.

“We stand out,” said Eudora Burton, president of hospitality at Temple Beth’El. She said the upbeat music is their minhag, or tradition. Other unique customs the congregation follows: a dress code for members â€" white in the summer and navy blue and black in the winter. Bowen will often wear special colors depending on the occasion; for Mikaela’s bat mitzvah, she wore purple to match the 13-year-old. The synagogue also makes a conscious effort to incorporate their youth into their service, either as ushers or by asking them to retrieve the instruments.

The synagogue was founded in 1951 by Bowen’s mother, Rabbi Louise Elizabeth Dailey, who was the daughter of a Baptist minister â€" although one who always wore a hat, who always salted his meats before cooking, and covered the mirrors when there was a death in the family. When Dailey came to Philadelphia to work as a domestic in a Jewish household, she recognized their traditions mirrored her own family’s, and, according to the temple’s website, sought to learn “the ways of the Hebrews.”

Bowen said it was when blacks in America were free to develop their own culture and expression in a post-slavery U.S. that many turned to Judaism.

“When we were practicing Christianity, we did it because our slave masters told us,” Bowen said. “We always felt something was missing. Then we turned to Torah and suddenly we began to know.”

Mikaela’s mother, Hope Pleasant, 43, said the congregation is not affiliated with any one branch of Judaism, but rather identifies as “conservodox,” having attributes of both Orthodox and Conservative Judaism. Bowen warned not to categorize the congregants, though, because they simply won’t fit into a prescribed box. She said they are Jews, and as long as a person is intent on honoring Hashem, or God, and following Torah, they will be accepted at Beth’El.

“Our teaching is it’s not what a Jew looks like, it’s what a Jew does,” said Bowen. “You can’t escape your heritage because of how you look. So we are accepting of Jews of color. We also are accepting of Jews who are not of color, and we at no time will question whether or not they are, quote end quote, real Jews.”

According to the latest numbers from the Pew Research Center, people who identified as white made up 90 percent of the racial and ethnic composition among Jews in the U.S. in 2014. People who identified as black comprised 2 percent. In the latest study conducted by the Jewish Federation of Greater Philadelphia from 2009, around 6,500 of the 215,000 Jewish population in the Philadelphia region are Jews of color. An updated report will be released in late 2019.

Mark Leuchter, director of Jewish Studies at Temple University, said that oftentimes people within the Jewish community are sequestered, and find it unusual to meet other Jews who are not of European or Middle Eastern descent. Leuchter said there are various intersecting ethnicities within the Jewish religion, despite the common perception of what a Jew is supposed to look like in the U.S.

“A majority of Jews in the U.S. tend to be of European descent, but that doesn’t mean that’s the only way to be Jewish,” Leuchter said. “I don’t think there’s necessarily a sense of rejection, but there is a sense of ‘Whoa, what’s going on? I’m not used to it.’ ”